Osnac14 was predominantly expressed at meiosis stage but is induced by drought, high salinity, aba, and low temperature in leaves. L is the staple food for half of the worlds population. Green revolution gr rice varieties are high yielding but typically drought sensitive. An in silico strategy was then deployed to mine for candidate genes associated with dt qtls using rice dbest and rice genome databases. Osjaz1 attenuates drought resistance by regulating ja and. Droughttolerant rice varieties to provide food security. Improving drought tolerance in rainfed lowland rice. Jongdee, pantuwan, fukai, and fischer 2006 stated that rice varieties that respond well to favorably watered conditions can be developed for improved yield under drought stress if there is early selection for yield under both drought and wellwatered conditions. Drought tolerance is the ability to which a plant maintains its biomass production during arid or drought conditions. Thus, the target of our breeding program is the development of cultivars with tolerance of lateseason drought. It affects rice at morphological reduced germination, plant height, plant biomass, number of tillers, various root and leaf traits. Dissertation submitted to the faculty of virginia polytechnic institute and state university in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of. Identification of drought responsive genes and validation for drought resistance in rice. Overexpression of osnac14 improves drought tolerance in rice.
Wild species of oryza offer a wide spectrum of adaptive traits and can serve as potential donors of biotic and abiotic stress tolerance. It was reported earlier that loss in function of the drought and salt tolerance. The primary objective of this study was to develop a new method to evaluate readily and rapidly the drought tolerance of upland rice cultivars at the seedling stage. Droughtinduced sitespecific dna methylation and its. Lafitte experimental design and data management 27 g. Rice oryza sativa, osnac2, aba, drought tolerance, salt tolerance, microrna background rice oryza sativa l.
Low productivity is the main cause of high poverty. In fact, means of effectively and accurately evaluating the drought tolerance of rice in the field has become a key point for drought tolerance breeding. An appropriate screening trait for drought stress tolerance should fill the following criteria. Ad drought tolerance was evaluated in transgenic soybean plants. Identification of drought tolerance markers in a diverse population of rice cultivars by expression and metabolite profiling. In fact, means of effectively and accurately evaluating the drought tolerance of rice in the field has become a key point for droughttolerance breeding. Mclaren section 4 breeding to improve yield under adverse environments. At the booting stage, the wt and transgenic plants were subjected.
Based on our preevaluation and estimations in this study, genotype s3, s11, and s28 possess better drought tolerance, while genotype s9, s18, and s24 are susceptible to drought. Drought resistancetolerance has to be researchable, breakable into simpler levels e. Drought list of high impact articles ppts journals videos. A novel gene, osahl1, containing an athook motif and a ppc domain was identified through genomewide profiling and analysis of mrnas by comparing the microarray of droughtchallenged versus. Identification of droughtresponsive genes and validation. Overexpression of osnac14 resulted in drought tolerance at the vegetative stage of growth. Plants have evolved to have sophisticated adaptation mechanisms to cope with drought stress by reprograming transcriptional networks through drought responsive transcription factors.
If that is the case, then what is the least amount of water i can grow rice with without hurting yields. Drought has been one of the biggest enemies of bangladeshi farmers, so much so that the country has a record of. Dec 11, 2017 the osjaz1overexpression rice plants were more sensitive to drought stress treatment than the wildtype wt rice zhonghua 11 zh11 at both the seedling and reproductive stages, while the jaz1 tdna insertion mutant plants showed increased drought tolerance compared to the wt plants. About 70% of the tld1d seedlings survived 7 d without watering, while only approximately 30% of the wildtype seedlings survived. In east africa, droughttolerant maize is estimated to increase yields 17% in severe droughts. Water deficit is one of the major abiotic stresses, which adversely affects crop growth and yield. Oct 21, 2019 osnac5overexpressing rice also enhanced drought tolerance and increased grain yields under drought conditions. Drought resistance tolerance has to be researchable, breakable into simpler levels e. A new method for evaluating the drought tolerance of upland. Dt qtls on rice chromosomes 1, 2, 4, 8, and 9 were selected to test the. Most farmers of these villages are resourcepoor, with limited resources for irrigation facility.
Rice growth under drought kinase is required for drought. Altered architecture and enhanced drought tolerance in rice. Rnai mediated drought and salinity stress tolerance in plants. Oct, 2015 green revolution gr rice varieties are high yielding but typically drought sensitive. A stressresponsive bzip transcription factor osbzip62. Comparative transcriptome sequencing of tolerant rice.
Rice production normally requires large amounts of water. Salt stress, a major plant environmental stress, is a critical constraint for rice productivity. Saxena np, otoole jc eds field screening for drought tolerance in crop plants with special emphasis on rice. Interestingly, first part both drought and flood tolerance may be regulated by cross. In each subspecies, there are two different ecotypes. Downregulation of the dst transcription factor using. Towards improving the drought tolerance of rice in china. Therefore, a deep root system with higher root density is likely to be useful if the growing conditions permit root development at depth kamoshita et al.
In his tragedy of the commons, hardin had claimed that resource users become stuck in an inexorable tragedy of overuse of resources, from which it followed. Water availability and drought are becoming major constraints for rice cultivation because of greatly fluctuated and generally reduced rainfall in the majority of rice growing areas worldwide resulting from the global climate change. Drought can along these lines be troublesome for individuals to get it. Plant growth and productivity of rice is adversely affected by various biotic and abiotic stress factors.
L is more sensitive to drought stress than other cereals, and large genotypic variation in drought tolerance dt exists within the cultivated rice gene pool and its wild relatives. Dissecting the genetic loci controlling salt tolerance in rice for improving productivity, especially at the flowering stage, remains challenging. Atlin managing water for controlled drought in breeding plots 23 r. Biotech effect of reduced plant height on drought tolerance in rice asadollah ahmadikhah 0 1 amir marufinia 0 1 0 department of plant breeding and biotechnology, gorgan university of agricultural sciences and natural resources, gorgan, iran 1 department of biotechnology, faculty of new technologies, shahid beheshti university, tehran, iran drought stress due to water deficit is a major. Drought stress tolerance screening of elite american. Rout department of agricultural biotechnology, college of agriculture, orissa university of agriculture and technology, bhubaneswar751003, orissa, india. Jul 25, 2016 a novel gene, osahl1, containing an athook motif and a ppc domain was identified through genomewide profiling and analysis of mrnas by comparing the microarray of droughtchallenged versus.
Biotechnology for the development of drought tolerant crops. Identification of drought stress tolerance in wild species. Physiological, morphological and molecular mechanisms for. An experiment was conducted to evaluate 100 rice genotypes, mostly belonging to the tropical. Identifying rice varieties and breeding lines with high levels of drought tolerance for use as donors in breeding and gene discovery is one of the main challenges for rice research serraj and atlin, 2008. Manual on breeding rice for droughtprone environments iv theworkshop on field screening for drought tolerance in rice held in 2001 at icrisat highlighted the need for a practical guide for the breeding of rice for droughtprone environments.
In this study, we functionally characterized the rice drought responsive transcription factor osnac14. Quantitative trait loci qtls for drought tolerance dt can be readily identified in available databases and in this paper, these qtls were summarized in the form of a consensus map. A revi ew on morphol o gical and physiologi c al cha racteri s tics 265 khus, g. Majority of rice cultivated area in south asia are under rainfed, where water stress at any of the critical growth stage causes sharp decline in yield. The cultivation of abiotic stressresistant rice is therefore important for generating sufficient rice yields and ensuring food security. Here, we conducted a genomewide association study gwas of salt tolerance based on exome sequencing of the thai rice accessions. However, these improved lowland varieties do not perform well under the lowinput conditions typical of upland farms, having poor tolerance to weeds, drought and indigenous diseases and pests.
Our study reveals insights around drou ght stress signaling mediated by receptorlike cytoplasmic kinases, and also identi. Drought tolerance and aerobic rice breeding at irri international rice research institute learning objectives what is the problem. The primary objective of this study was to develop a new method to evaluate readily and rapidly the drought. Drought andsa linity stress tolerance and adaptation in rice plants have been improved by engineering various transcriptionfactors, genes related to signalling pathway, compatible solutes and accumulation of antioxidants. Xiongcharacterization of osbzip23 as a key player of the basic leucine zipper transcription factor family for conferring abscisic acid sensitivity and salinity and drought tolerance in rice. Effect of reduced plant height on drought tolerance in. Other plants, specifically crops like corn, wheat, and rice. Osnac5 interacts with oslea3, an abiotic stressinduced gene in rice that plays vital role in drought and salt tolerance jeong et al. Drought is a major abiotic stress factor that influences the yield of crops. However, these improved lowland varieties do not perform well under the lowinput conditions typical of upland farms, having poor tolerance to weeds, drought and indigenous diseases and. Frontiers characterization of transcription factor gene. Commons as a governance mechanism of shared resources. Evaluation of drought tolerant rice cultivars using. Osjaz1 attenuates drought resistance by regulating ja and aba.
We next compared the drought and salt tolerance of 3weekold tld1d and wildtype rice seedlings and found that the tld1d seedlings were more drought tolerant. Genomewide association study for salinity tolerance at. Transgenic soybean plants with positive hairy roots were transferred to plastic pots containing a mixture of peat and vermiculite 1. In the most broad sense, drought begins from an insufficiency of precipitation over an expanded time frame typically a season or more bringing about a water deficiency for some action, bunch, or natural segment. Lowland rice is grown in paddy fields and upland rice is grown in rainfed fields.
The irrigation control was performed by tensiometer sets. Mar 22, 2006 quantitative trait loci qtls for drought tolerance dt can be readily identified in available databases and in this paper, these qtls were summarized in the form of a consensus map. Drought list of high impact articles ppts journals. Genetically, drought tolerance of rice is a complex trait under polygenic control, and involves complex morphophysiological mechanisms li and xu, 2007.
Identification of droughtresponsive genes and validation for. Screening protocols in breeding for drought tolerance in rice. Other plants, specifically crops like corn, wheat, and rice, have become increasingly tolerant to drought with. Altered architecture and enhanced drought tolerance in. Abiotic stresses like salinity and drought directly affect plant growth and water availability, resulting in lower yield in rice. Drought the major problem for rice drought stress is a serious limiting factor to rice production and yield stability in rainfed areas. A rice automatic phenotyping rap platform yang et al. Upland rice germplasm is often used to improve the drought tolerance of paddy rice for waterdeficient farming areas through hybridization 14.
At the punjab agricultural university, we are maintaining an active collection of 1630 accessions of wild species germplasm aa, cc, bbcc. Climate change ready rice international rice research. Selective introgression of dt donor segments into a drought sensitive ds elite recurrent parent by backcrossing is an effective way to improve drought stress. Biotechnology for the development of drought tolerant. The coverage of land by rice crop during wet season was 99 per cent, while the coverage of rice during dry season was only 54 per cent. Based on past studies, the amount of water delivered to rice fields varies widely i. Drought tolerance in plants is one of the most interesting phenomena in all of biology wood, 2007. Nam, ataf12, and cuc2 nac transcription factors are known to be associated with various developmental processes and stress tolerance. Rice growth under drought kinaseis required for drought tolerance and grain yield under normal and drought stress conditions1cwopen venkategowda ramegowda2, supratim basu2, arjun krishnan3, and andy pereira crop, soil, and environmental sciences, university of arkansas, fayetteville, arkansas 72701 r. Some of the material used in this manual was reported at the workshop.
A stressresponsive bzip transcription factor osbzip62 improves drought and oxidative tolerance in rice shiqin yang1,2, kai xu2, shoujun chen2, tianfei li2, hui xia2, liang chen2, hongyan liu2 and lijun luo1,2 abstract background. Referring to this common use of things, a voluminous literature emerged refuting and rebutting in particular the deterministic claim made by hardin 1968. Developing methods to select for drought tolerance in rainfed lowland rice. Droughttolerant rice varieties to provide food security for. So, a combination of stress tolerance along with enhanced grain yield is a major focus of rice breeding.
Drought is the most critical abiotic factor reducing rice yield in rainfed and drought prone areas. A novel gene osahl1 improves both drought avoidance and. Pdf improving drought tolerance in rainfed lowland rice. The evaluation of drought tolerance based on the leaf temperature was examined in upland rice breeding. In this study, we functionally characterized the rice drought responsive. Droughtprone lowlands severe seasonlong drought destroyed plantings in upper fields at raipur 2002 kdml 105 under severe lateseason stress in upper field at roi et, thailand oct. Acclimation and tolerance strategies of rice under drought. Drought is the major abiotic constraint to the rice production in the rainfed areas across asia and subsaharan africa. Drought stress is the most important constraint limiting rice production in most rainfed systems worldwide. This is partly due to the tight linkage between the loci governing plant height and drought tolerance. Droughttolerant rice drought is the most widespread and damaging of all environmental stresses, affecting 23 million hectares of rainfed rice in south and southeast asia. Hence, water related stress cause severe threat to rice production. Temporal responses of conserved mirnas to drought and. Rice is one of the most important food crop drastically affected by drought in lowland rice ecosystem.
A new method for evaluating the drought tolerance of. Rice varieties differ greatly in their tolerance to drought. Drought tolerance in upland rice 203 acta scientiarum. Some examples of conventional breeding programs for drought tolerance are the development of rice, wheat and indian mustard varieties tolerant to salt and to alkali soils by the central soil salinity research institute in karnal, india 3. Morphological and molecular genetic consideration article pdf available in plant growth regulation 502. Identification of drought tolerance markers in a diverse population of rice cultivars by expression and metabolite profiling, plos one, 20, volume 8, issue 5, doi. About 70% of the tld1d seedlings survived 7 d without watering, while only approximately 30% of the wildtype seedlings survived fig. Developing a screening tool for identifying drought stress tolerance during seedling establishment is important in the deployment of rice varieties suited to waterlimited growing environments. During drought years water deliveries are often restricted. Studies on agrobacterium mediated genetic transformation. The present study was carried out to evaluate the drought tolerance of various rice genotypes with a wide.
June, 2016 water deficit, irrigation was applied when the soil water potential reached 0. The presence of conserved regions conferring drought tolerance in upland rice and the high susceptibility of highyielding postgreen revolution varieties provide unique opportunities for plant breeders to move drought tolerance alleles from upland drought tolerant donors to lowland drought susceptible rice varieties. Identification of droughtresponsive genes and validation for drought resistance in rice. Drought stress treatment was also performed in the barrels at the reproductive stage. Estimation of drought tolerance based on leaf temperature. The relationships of the leaf temperature with the transpiration and photosynthetic rates were observed in upland and lowland rice varieties under upland cultivation in 1995, 1996 and 1997. Effect of reduced plant height on drought tolerance in rice. Drought is a major challenge limiting rice production. The six rice genotypes have great differences in drought tolerance, which makes them a good system to study the association of mirnas with drought tolerance. Dissecting out the traits of importance and genomic regions influencing the response of drought tolerance and yield traits on grain yield will aid the breeders to know. Some plants are naturally adapted to dry conditions, surviving with protection mechanisms such as desiccation tolerance, detoxification, or repair of xylem embolism. If you do not see its contents the file may be temporarily unavailable at the journal website or you do not have a pdf plugin installed and enabled in your browser.
Identification of drought tolerance markers in a diverse. Development of the drought tolerant variety sahbhagi dhan. Identifying drought tolerant genotypes of rice oryza. Drought is a major abiotic stress factor affecting the growth and development of plants at all stages. For the purpose of developing dt rice cultivars, a research programme was initiated in 1997 in china, consisting of four coherent parts.
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